Allen H. Miller
University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute
and
Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility, University of Wisconsin-Madison
This research was conducted as part of an agreement between the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District under the supervision of David Barilovich.
The National Digital Orthophoto Program is a joint effort by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) and Farm Service Agency (FSA) to ensure public domain availability of digital orthophotos for the nation. There are currently over 50,000 digital orthophotos available for distribution and complete digital orthophoto coverage for the coterminous United States is expected by 2004. The DOQs will be updated on a ten-year cycle for most areas and a five-year cycle for areas that undergo rapid rates of land use change.
The digital orthophoto quarter-quadrangle (DOQQ) is the largest scale format available in the National Digital Orthophoto Program. It has a one meter ground resolution and covers an area of 3.75 minutes of longitude by 3.75 minutes of latitude at a scale of 1:12000. In comparison the digital orthophoto quadrangle has a 2 meter ground resolution and covers an area of 7.5 minutes of longitude by 7.5 minutes of latitude at a scale of 1:24000. The digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles come with 50-300 meters of overedge to facilitate edgematching and mosaicking of images for integration into a common coverage.
(Sources: USGS Global Land Information System Website, Digital Orthophoto
Quadrangles page:
(
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/Webglis/glisbin/guide.pl/glis/hyper/guide/usgs_doq)
and USGS DOQQ metadata document "doqsti.txt".)
Table 1: Lake Michigan Coastal County Digital Orthophoto Status
| County | Source | Complete Orthophoto Coverage Available? | Number of Orthophotos Needed for Coastal Coverage? | Number of Orthophotos Currently Available in Coastal Coverage? | Number of Needed Coastal Coverage Orthophotos We Have | Percent Coverage We Have | Original Format | Compiled |
| Brown | USGS | Yes | 13 | 13 | 13 | 100% | JPEG | 1992 |
| Door | NRCS(USGS) | Yes | 66 | 66 | 65 | 98% | .bil | 1992 |
| Kenosha | SEWRPC | Yes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0% | .tif | 1995 |
| Kewaunee | - | No (in production) | 9 | 4 | 4 | 44% | JPEG, .bil | |
| Manitowoc | USGS | Yes | 11 | 11 | 11 | 100% | JPEG | 1992 |
| Marinette | - | No | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0% | n/a | |
| Milwaukee | SEWRPC | Yes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0% | .tif | 1995 |
| Oconto | - | No | 11 | 2 | 2 | 18% | JPEG, .bil | |
| Ozaukee | SEWRPC | Yes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 100% | .tif | 1995 |
| Racine | SEWRPC | Yes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0% | .tif | 1995 |
| Sheboygan | NRCS(USGS) | Yes | 8 | 8 | 7 | 88% | .bil | 1992 |
Summary of Coverage by County:
Marinette County
7% of Marinette County DOQQ coverage is available (10 of 142 orthophotos), mostly overlap from surrounding counties along the northwestern border (See Figure 2) . Four orthophotos do exist for the eastern coastal area that we are interested in. There have been discussions with NRCS, Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission and private contractors to examine the feasibility of completing orthophotos for the county.
Nine orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given below as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 2: Marinette County Needed DOQQs
| Green Island-SW | Oconto East-NE |
| Marinette East-NW,SE,SW | Peshtigo Harbor-NE,NW |
| Marinette West-NE,SE |
Those orthophotos that are available as part of the current USGS DOQQ coverage are indicated in bold type. We currently do not have copies of these available DOQQs on hand or on order.
Oconto County
17% of Oconto County DOQQ coverage is available (18 of 108 orthophotos) from overlap with adjacent counties that have complete DOQQ coverage. These stretches of overlap occur along the borders of Forest, Menominee and Brown counties (See Figure 3). There has been a meeting at Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission to discuss orthophoto creation.
Eleven orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone, we have two of them (given below as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 3: Oconto County Needed DOQQs
| Little Tail Point-NW | Pensaukee-NE,SE,SW |
| Little Tail Point-SW | Suamico-NE |
| Oconto East-NE,NW,SW | Suamico-SE |
| Oconto Southeast-NW |
The two orthophotos that are available as part of the current USGS DOQQ coverage are indicated in bold type. These quarter-quadrangles are in our possession as overlapping coverage from the Brown County USGS CD.
Brown County
Brown County DOQQ coverage is complete and available from the USGS (See Figure 4). We have a copy of the complete USGS DOQQ coverage on CD-ROM.
Thirteen orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given below as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 4: Brown County Needed DOQQs
| Dyckesville-SE,SW | Little Tail Point-SW |
| Green Bay East-NE,NW,SE,SW | New Franken-NE,NW |
| Green Bay West-NE,NW,SE | Suamico-SE |
Kewaunee County
47% of Kewaunee County DOQQ coverage is available (17 out of 36 orthophotos) due to the adjacent counties all having complete DOQQ coverage (See Figure 5). Kewaunee County DOQQs have been authorized and are currently in production, although according to the USGS Global Land Information System they have not been completed yet.
Nine orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter
zone (given as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 5: Kewaunee County Needed DOQQs
| Algoma-NE,NW,SW | Kewaunee-NE,SE |
| Dyckesville-SE | Namur-SW |
| Forestville-SE | Two Creeks-NE |
The four orthophotos indicated in bold type are currently in our possession from overlap with other county datasets.
Door County
Door County DOQQ coverage is complete and available from the USGS (See Figure 6). We currently have almost all of the needed orthophoto coverage, obtained from the NRCS.
Sixty-four orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter
zone. The 1000-meter coastal zone intersected most of the quarter-quad coverage
for the Door County Peninsula, except for the southern portion where the peninsula widens.
A "donut hole" of two orthophotos was not touched by the buffered coastal zone. In the interest of completeness
the two interior orthophotos were included in the coverage even though they don't intersect the
1000-meter coastal zone. With these two orthophotos the total orthophoto count for Door
County was sixty-six photos (given below as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 6: Door County Needed DOQQs
| Algoma Northeast-NW,SW | Jacksonport-NE,NW,SE,SW |
| Baileys Harbor East-NE,NW,SW | Little Sturgeon Southwest-NE,SE,SW |
| Baileys Harbor West-NE,SE | Little Sturgeon-NE,NW,SW |
| Baileys Harbor West-NW | Namur-NE,NW,SW |
| Chambers Island Northwest-NE,SE | Sister Bay-NE,NW,SE,SW |
| Chambers Island-NW,SW,SE | Spider Island-NW |
| Egg Harbor-NE,NW,SE,SW | Sturgeon Bay East-NE,NW,SE,SW |
| Ellison Bay-SE,SW | Sturgeon Bay West-NE,NW |
| Ephraim-NE,SE,SW | Washington Island Northeast-SE,SW |
| Forestville-NE,SE | Washington Island Northwest-SE,SW |
| Idlewild-NE,SE,SW | Washington Island Southeast-NE,NW |
| Institute-NE,NW,SE,SW | Washington Island Southwest-NE,NW,SE,SW |
| Jacksonport Southwest-NW |
The orthophoto names in bold are those that we currently have on CD or magnetic tape from the NRCS (65 orthophotos). Baileys Harbor West is the only missing orthophoto - it was overlooked in the ordering process, but plans are being made to order a copy from the USGS along with a few other missing but available orthophotos.
Manitowoc County
Manitowoc County DOQQ coverage is complete and available from the USGS (See Figure 7) . We currently have complete coverage on a USGS CD and also some duplicate coverage on CD from the NRCS.
Eleven orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 7: Sheboygan County Needed DOQQs
| Cleveland East-SW,NW | Two Creeks-SE,NE |
| Manitowoc-SE,SW,NE | Two Rivers-NE,SE,SW |
| Mishicot-SE |
Sheboygan County
Sheboygan County DOQQ coverage is complete and available from the USGS (See Figure 8) . We currently have almost complete coastal coverage of the needed USGS DOQQs on CD from the NRCS. We are missing Sheboygan Falls-SE however.
Eight orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given as Quadrangle Name–Quadrangle Quadrant):
Table 8: Sheboygan County Needed DOQQs
| Cedar Grove-NE,SE | Sheboygan North-NW,SW |
| Cleveland East-SW | Sheboygan South-NW,SW |
| Sheboygan Falls-SE |
Ozaukee County
We have the complete coverage of SEWRPC orthophotos for Ozaukee County (See Figure 9). Ozaukee County also has 1956 orthophotos from a coastal recession study area (the southern 10 miles of the county).
Twenty orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given as ttrraa: tt=township identifier, rr=range identifier, aa=aerial photo identifier (upper right hand section of two-by-two orthophoto section squares)):
092205 102229 122201
092217 112201 122213
092227 112203 122225
092229 112213 122305
102203 112215 122317
102215 112227 122329
102227 112229
Milwaukee County
Complete coverage is available from SEWRPC orthophotos for Milwaukee County (See Figure 10). We still need to obtain these.
Twenty orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter
zone (given as ttrraa: tt=township identifier, rr=range identifier, aa=aerial
photo identifier (upper right hand section of two-by-two orthophoto section squares)):
082203 072213 062213
082205 072215 062225
082215 072227 052201
082217 072229 052213
082227 062203 052225
082229 062205 052329
072203 062215
Racine County
Complete coverage is available from SEWRPC orthophotos for Racine County (See Figure 11) . We still need to obtain these.
Ten orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given as ttrraa: tt=township identifier, rr=range identifier, aa=aerial photo identifier (upper right hand section of two-by-two orthophoto section squares)):
032305 032329 042315
032315 042201 042317
032317 042305 042327
032327
Kenosha County
Complete coverage is available from SEWRPC orthophotos for Kenosha County (See Figure 12). We still need to obtain these.
Six orthophotos are needed for coastal coverage along the 1000-meter zone (given as ttrraa: tt=township identifier, rr=range identifier, aa=aerial photo identifier (upper right hand section of two-by-two orthophoto sectioin squares)):
022305 022329 012317
022317 012305 012329
Based on the cost estimates given above total cost estimates for completion of Oconto and Marinette counties were calculated.
Estimate of Completion Costs for Marinette County:
There are 142 orthophoto quarter-quadrangles in Marinette County, 10 are currently available.
The estimated total cost of production of the remaining 132 orthophotos is:
132 photos * $2040/photo = about $269,280.00
Estimate of Completion Costs for Oconto County:
There are 108 orthophoto quarter-quadrangles in Oconto County, 18 are currently available.
The estimated total cost of production of 90 orthophotos is:
90 photos*$2040/photo = about $183,600.00
Naming convention:
The convention is: Oyyxxxzz.aab.
"yyxxxzz.aa" describes the geographic extent of the file where:
yy = SE Latitude of one-degree block in which quad resides.
xxx = SE Longitude of one-degree block in which quad resides.
zz = the 7.5 minute section number of the one-degree block
in which the quad resides (reading left to right from
the northwest corner).
aa = the quarter of the quadrangle, e.g. nw = northwest quadrant of quadrangle.
b = file type: c for compressed (JPEG format), h for header (ASCII).
Example:
O4408743.nwh
O4408743.nwc
Format:
JPEG
File Size:
Approximately 55MB uncompressed,
approximately 2.6-3.5MB JPEG compressed.
Scale:
1:12 000, 1 meter ground resolution.
3.75 min. longitude by 3.75 min. latitude quarter quadrangle.
Projection and Coordinate System:
Universal Transverse Mercator, coordinates from NAD83. Coordinates
in meters.
NAD83 and NAD27 quarter quad ticks are embedded in the image.
Accuracy:
Orthophoto quarter quads meets National Map Accuracy Standards for
1:12 000 scale.
Availability:
Available from USGS in the following formats:
-CD (recordable), 45-50 MB uncompressed, $40
-CD-ROM (quadrangle), 5MB/file (JPEG compressed), $32/1 CD, $42/2 CDs,
$52/3 CDs
-ftp (quarter quadrangle), 45-50 MB uncompressed, $40, volume pricing
exists
-8mm tape (quarter quadrangle), 45-50 MB, $40, volume pricing.
Data Access:
USGS DOQQs are available from the USGS Global Land Information System.
Sharing Policies:
Public access priced at cost of distribution.
NRCS Orthophotos
Date:
1992
Naming convention:
NRCS uses a file-naming convention based on 1:100000 scale
quadrangle tiles which cover one-degree of latitude and longitude.
The convention is: qaabbccd.EXT
"aabbccd" describes the geographic extent of the orthophoto file, where:
aa = the lower latitudinal boundary of the 1-degree by 1-degree quadrangle.
bb = the easternmost longitudinal boundary of the 1-degree by 1-degree quandrangle.
cc = the index code of 7.5 min by 7.5 min quad in the 1-degree by 1-degree quadrangle, where:
the numbers 1-8 represent the east-west index identifier
the letters a-h represent the south-north index identifier.
d = the quarter section of the quadrangle, where:
1 = NW 2 = NE
4 = SW 3 = SE
EXT- file extension-either .bil (image) or .hdr (header)
Example:
q4586d83.bil
q4586d83.hdr
Format:
.bil
File Size:
41-42MB
Scale:
1:12 000
Projection and Coordinate System:
see USGS information above.
Accuracy:
see USGS information above.
SEWRPC Orthophotos
Date:
1995
Naming convention:
ttrraa.EXT
"ttrraa" describes the geographic coverage of the orthophoto file, where:
tt = township identifier (including a leading zero, if applicable)
rr = range identifier
aa = aerial photo identifier
Format:
.TIF
File Size:
About 30 MB.
Scale:
? 1:4 800 (1"=400’), 2 foot pixel resolution.
A single orthophoto image covers a nominal four-square-mile area representing
four US Public Land Survey sections.
Projection and Coordinate System:
Wisonsin Coordinate System, South Zone, NAD27.
Accuracy:
?
Availability:
Available from SEWRPC
Data Access:
$100/CD. CD covers a survey township.
There are 73 master CDs for the 7 county SEWRPC area.
Sharing Policies:
?
Last modified by David Hart on August 2, 1998
